Solar PV and thermal systems are able to drive the conversion of energy decision-making towards cleaner technologies. More specifically, concentrated photovoltaic-thermal (CPV-T) systems have been proposed to offset significant amounts of annual carbon dioxide (CO2) per household, thus offsetting the total U.S. household CO2 contribution.

Residential and commercial systems face different challenges in scaling, material choice, and component infrastructure. Through multi-scale modeling, the tradeoffs in material selection and system infrastructure can be explored whilst optimizing the system for various market scales and loading conditions.